Chattanooga times free press crime. | Updated April 5, 2022 at 3:12 p.
Chattanooga times free press crime Apr 19, 2021 · Since the VRI was implemented in 2014, group member-involved shootings in Chattanooga have fallen by 68% from a peak in 2016. This document may not be reprinted without the express written permission of Chattanooga Times Free Press, Inc. They want to hear the best solutions. 8 May 1, 2010 · Overall crime in the city has decreased by 28 percent since 2001, Chattanooga police report. Friday, April 19, 2019 in Chattanooga, Tennessee. by Patsy Hazlewood Aug 24, 2024 · Wake up, Gov. " Atlanta Police Department reports reviewed by the Times Free Press show the Part 1 crime that was reduced the most under Murphy's leadership was rape, which fell from 219 in 2019 to 119 in 2020, a Jan 18, 2025 · Staff photo by Matt Hamilton / Jason Chen looks at the jury Jan. Times Free Press. Jan 17, 2025 · Chattanooga's only daily newspaper. February 2, 2023 at 5:00 p. Dec 21, 2023 · Thursday’s episode, titled “After the Verdict: Angel’s Second Chance” is set to feature the Chattanooga Times Free Press and former reporter. Nov 19, 2024 · A Chattanooga man who was convicted of first-degree murder among other charges in connection with a drive-by shooting will not have additional prison time added to his life sentence. City Working With TRGT On New River Access Point Opposite Williams Island He said, "We need the city of Chattanooga to participate in public education. See Walking Horse Report. February 7, 2023 at 7:00 p. Casteel, 71, died in prison Frank Casteel was convicted in 1998 -- and again in 2003 -- in the July 1988 "Blue Hole" shotgun deaths of three men who were riding all-terrain vehicles near Roberts Mill Road on Signal Mountain. by LINDSAY WHITEHURST / Associated Press A Chattanooga Police Department public safety camera is attached to a pole by the Big K gas station at 909 Dodson Ave. Dec 24, 2022 · The worst architectural crime in Tennessee history. Jun 23, 2010 · Chattanooga Crime Guide. August 24, 2024 at 12:00 p. 17, 2025, during his trial at the courts building in Chattanooga. Chattanooga Times Free Jury finds Jason Chen guilty of first-degree murder of Jasmine Pace. Dec 28, 2024 · Dalton's new logo/brand cost $30,900, while Chattanooga spent $246,000. by Ellen Gerst Feb 3, 2025 · Opinion: First comprehensive Tennessee report of illegal immigrant crime shows extent of problem. Oct 28, 2013 · Crime Stoppers, Chattanooga police seek shooting suspect Eric Lebron Gibbs. Bruce Kendrick speaks to other members of the Ernie Pyle chapter of the Military Order of the Purple Heart during a monthly Mar 20, 2022 · True crime author recounts 1978 Tennessee murder cases March 20, 2022 at 5:00 a. | Updated September 14, 2019 at 11:03 p. Three dead in suspected fentanyl overdoses in Walker County. | Updated February 23, 2010 at 1:00 a. Oct 29, 2023 · After 25 years of songwriting, Chattanooga musician Ashley Krey was looking for new topics to write about, and tales from Northwest Georgia about what some called a devil worshiper mountain Sep 21, 2021 · Fatal hit-and-run trial continues in Chattanooga with presentation of crime scene evidence, restaurant video. by Matthew Valasik and Shannon Reid / The Conversation Dec 4, 2023 · Trousdale Turner Correctional Center in Hartsville, Tenn. , with a photo of her son Dararius Evans, who was killed in January of 2020, Thursday, May 4, 2023. Sep 14, 2022 · Tennessee Sens. June 13, 2024 at 3:41 p. . January 5, 2023 at 7:37 p. Chattanooga Times Free Press, Inc. Dec 15, 2024 · The number of ghost guns recovered at crime scenes has exploded 10-fold in just the past five years, from under 1,800 in 2016 to more than 19,000 in 2021, according to data from the Bureau of Aug 21, 2024 · Chattanooga man arrested in connection with death of girlfriend. Feb 24, 2024 · Man guilty in Black transgender woman's killing in 1st federal hate crime trial over gender identity. February 3, 2025 at 6:01 p. Mar 5, 2023 · Barbara King Ladd, of Sewanee, Tennessee, was scrolling Facebook when she came across a 2018 Chattanooga Times Free Press article. w. Chattanooga was #2. Jan 2, 2025 · A Chattanooga man accused of first-degree murder and abuse of a corpse is set to face an out-of-county jury after his defense and prosecutors further debated Thursday how and what evidence to Jan 25, 2024 · A Soddy-Daisy man pleaded guilty Thursday to several charges, including facilitation of second-degree murder in connection with a 2022 fentanyl overdose death. by Ellen Gerst Oct 7, 2020 · Two Tennessee men who went on a crime spree in January 2018 that led to a manhunt and their capture in Marion County have been sentenced in federal court to prison terms of more than 12 years each. Memphis led the nation in guns stolen from vehicles in 2023. May 31, 2023 · Rates of reported crime were significantly lower at campuses where most students commute, including Chattanooga and Cleveland State Community colleges. Jul 11, 2024 · Where the county needs work, the report shows, is its youth crime rate, which increased to 63. | Updated January 15, 2025 at 7:24 p. Jul 21, 2022 · Hamilton County mayoral candidates touch on crime, Chattanooga Lookouts stadium during televised debate. 3, allegedly by 46-year-old Marvin Jermaine Davis. by La Shawn Pagán Oct 8, 2024 · It's easy to ignore in Red Bank, Ooltewah, Soddy-Daisy and Hixson, but the reality is violent crime mostly affects the Black community in a four-mile radius in downtown Chattanooga, Wamp said. | Updated October 28, 2013 at 5:01 p. Chattanooga State reported nine thefts on Aug 6, 2024 · Bail remains contentious issue as Tennessee Republican lawmakers crack down. May 5, 2016 at 1:00 a. Sep 3, 2023 · Michael Ramirez's Free Press cartoon for September 4, 2023. by Todd South Sep 16, 2010 · Mixed crime news here September 16, 2010 at 1:03 a. June 2, 2023 at 9:00 a. September 21, 2021 at 10:30 p. July 11, 2010 at 1:00 a. | Updated September 21, 2021 at 10:40 p. Aug 21, 2024 · Hamilton County Sheriff rolls out new app, crime data dashboard. Mar 3, 2014 · Crime Stoppers, Chattanooga police seek burglary suspect. Jan 9, 2023 · Fifty-two percent of Hamilton County voters surveyed at polling sites in November by the Chattanooga Times Free Press said they believe crime in and around Chattanooga is getting worse overall Sep 12, 2023 · Opinion: What to do about the crime wave? September 12, 2023 at 6:00 p. Bill Lee on Tuesday touted his $100 million "Violent Crime Intervention Fund" included in this Jul 19, 2020 · The victims . by MORGAN LEE and ANDREW DALTON / Associated Press Apr 20, 2024 · Opinion: How gun owners accidentally spur crime. Crime is a nagging problem that affects us all. We had structurally removed a lieutenant that was focused just on that area, and we combined the south side with Sep 25, 2024 · While violent crime is largely declining in Chattanooga, residents may think it's on the rise because they're seeing more signs of disorder in the city, a study being released Thursday found. Aug 7, 2021 · Tennessee community 'violence interrupters' work to stem rising crime. Mar 24, 2022 · Opinion: Biden crime family's 'wag the dog' moment. by JEFF AMY / Associated Press Aug 30, 2024 · Anyone with relevant information about the theft and vandalism case is asked to contact the Agricultural Crime Unit at 844-AG-CRIME (844-242-7463) or agriculture. Published Ag 16 1971 - Ja 24 1972. Hemp flower containing THCa will continue to be legally sold Jan 15, 2025 · Chattanooga crime scene investigator collected a knife, glass fragments, scrub brush from Jason Chen’s bloodied apartment. It was in 2017 - three years after the VRI was rolled out - that the Jul 11, 2010 · Leaders look for progress on crime. Complete coverage of breaking news in Chattanooga, Other local, regional and national news. | Updated March 24, 2022 at 9:38 p. by Staff Report Jan 17, 2025 · Anecdotally, most crime committed by unauthorized immigrants in the Chattanooga area is nonviolent and related to traffic violations, records showed and officials said. by Cal Thomas / Tribune Content Agency Oct 11, 2022 · NASHVILLE -- With early voting beginning next week in the Nov. Victor Miller said at a news conference Jan 19, 2023 · Chattanooga police chief talks speeding, tech and crime with Hixson residents. September 15, 2019 at 1:00 a. | Updated June 23, 2010 at 1:00 a. October 28, 2013 at 1:00 a. January 19, 2023 at 9:00 p. Dec 14, 2024 · Opinion: The chilling crime spree of The Order — and its lasting effect on today’s white supremacists. Nov 28, 2023 · People gather in Pliny Park in Brattleboro, Vt. , for a vigil, Monday, Nov. Jan 30, 2025 · A Hamilton County man was found guilty Thursday of second-degree murder for shooting his colleague in the face outside Chattanooga's Amazon facility. September 20, 2022 at 9:00 p. , is shown in 2016. Feb 25, 2025 · The trial of a suburban Chicago landlord accused of murder, attempted murder and a hate crime in a 2023 attack on a Palestinian American woman and her young son is set to start Tuesday. Classifieds and online marketplace. | Updated January 20, 2025 at 8:26 p. Voice of the People. | Updated January 21, 2023 at 3:16 p. S. Jun 13, 2024 · Civil rights suit filed against Meigs County general sessions judge, sheriff over 2023 arrest. March 24, 2022 at 7:00 p. by CLAUDIA LAUER and MIKE CATALINI / The Associated Press Mar 23, 2022 · AP FACT CHECK: Republicans skew Jackson's record on crime. August 11, 2023 at 6:00 p. Ponder that while protesting that the incoming Trump administration shouldn't cut a dime. by Ellen Gerst Jan 5, 2023 · New Tennessee law requires drunk drivers found guilty of vehicular homicide to pay child support. by JAMES POLLARD / Associated Press/Report for America Apr 1, 2024 · Staff File Photo By Olivia Ross / Police vehicles form part of the massive Chattanooga Police Department response to a hoax shooting event at Brainerd High School lawn on Wednesday, May 3, 2023. Mar 31, 2024 · A poll indicating 75% of residents believe crime is a major issue in Chattanooga was organized and funded by a group of local businessmen with growing concerns about safety in the city. by Clay Bennett Aug 29, 2014 · After the October 2011 crime, Larinder Lewis told the police in an audio recording that she saw Bates and Jones standing shoulder to shoulder, shooting Clark. February 24, 2024 at 5:00 p. 27, 2023, for the three Palestinian-American students who were shot while walking near the University of Vermont campus Women in Perry Stone's ministry allege sexual misconduct, say FBI is investigating televangelist. | Updated March 31, 2011 at 1:02 a. January 20, 2025 at 8:00 p. Jan 3, 2018 · Staff Photo by Dan Henry / The Chattanooga Times Free Press- 12/9/16. Dec 17, 2022 · The Times Free Press reported earlier this week that a Beer Board official said there had yet to be a meeting to work out a Station Street accounts for nearly 0% of crime in Chattanooga, so to Apr 29, 2024 · Teens as young as 14 years old who commit serious crimes in Tennessee will face up to five years of adult incarceration or probation once their juvenile sentence ends under a bill now awaiting Gov Sep 9, 2022 · Opinion: Tennessee speakers howl ‘tough on crime;’ Gov. Remains found off I-75. April 27, 2023 at 6:00 a. , 32, was Chattanooga's first victim of gun violence this year. The school is the site where a deadly shooting in March May 3, 2023 · Opinion: The Tennessee House put crime victims first by passing Marsy’s Law. Sep 26, 2024 · Hamilton Counts, a quarterly county publication pledged to offer "accountability through data," noted that violent crime in the county overall was down year over year 9. by Ana Zamora / The Chicago Tribune (TNS) Mar 31, 2011 · Crime concerns raised over planned Tubman closure . | Updated February 24, 2022 at 7:33 p. Blackburn, Hagerty press crime bill to combat ‘undeniable deterioration of public safety’ September 14, 2022 at 9:00 p. " Free Movie Night At Dec 14, 2024 · Memphis and Chattanooga share some common challenges when it comes to reducing crime, primarily gun theft. Mar 10, 2023 · And just as we did in the '70s and '80s, we're having a national conversation about being tough on crime through a lens that ignores the policies that foster crime and, with it, mass incarceration. Jan 13, 2025 · Staff photo by Abby White / Jason Chen, accused in the 2022 death of Jasmine Pace, enters the courtroom Monday, Jan. Walking Horse Report. August 8, 2023 at 6:00 p. | Updated March 22, 2022 at 9:17 p. Collectively they have been connected to 103 assaults, 14 attempted murders, 27 robberies, two murders, 160 drug offenses and 42 weapons-related charges, and hundreds of lesser crimes, a review of Arrests made in string of Chattanooga-area incidents, including assault, kidnapping, street fight. Chattanooga ranked Nov 19, 2024 · The south side of Chattanooga has experienced some increases in violent crime. May 17, 2010 at 1:03 a. Jan 23, 2025 · Overall crime in Chattanooga decreased 11% from 2023 to 2024, according to a monthly crime breakdown released by the mayor's office and the Chattanooga Police Department. | Updated July 19, 2017 at 7:41 p. 75% from Jan. TBI records mixed results on aggravated assaults. Jul 12, 2024 · Alec Baldwin's lawyer grills crime scene tech over search for live ammo at his shooting trial. A shooter killed himself inside an office building Monday afternoon near Hamilton Place mall, but no one else was shot or injured, Chattanooga police Sgt. m. and should be available to stream on A&E’s streaming platform, Hulu or Amazon Prime Video after Jun 1, 2019 · News clippings from the trial of Frank Casteel, who was convicted of a 1988 triple-murder on Signal Mountain, are seen on Friday, May 31, 2019, in Chattanooga, Tenn. Walking Horse Report And Sunday Journal. Feb 24, 2024 · Opinion: More guns don’t equal more crime. by Joy Lukachick Smith Crime on decline. Some of its members were transferred to the department's gun unit, whose Chattanooga Police Department announces staffing change to address gun crime. Tennesseans care more about the economy, health care, public education, gun crime reduction and immigration than they do private school vouchers. January 30, 2023 at 7:30 p. 1 through Sep 15, 2019 · Jurors hear from crime scene investigators, friends in retrial of 2012 killing and dismemberment of Dana Wilkes. | Updated April 5, 2022 at 3:12 p. | Updated March 19, 2022 at 7:45 p. Mar 23, 2025 · crimes in general — robbery, assault, drug-related crimes and more — at a rate greater than that of the general public. The local findings, though based on too small a data set to put too much Jul 13, 2023 · Reports of most serious crimes decreased in Chattanooga and Hamilton County between 2021 and 2022, according to a new report from the Tennessee Bureau of Investigation. August 6, 2024 at 12:14 p. | Updated July 16, 2022 at 8:08 p. But interim Police Chief Mark Rawlston has said juvenile crime is on the rise in recent years, which Dec 13, 2024 · The double scourge of crime and fatal overdoses in Hamilton County continue to decline as the COVID-19 pandemic gets more distant in the rearview mirror. Amid soaring crime, Memphis cops lowered the bar for hiring. Aug 29, 2024 · Chattanooga officials cleared a homeless encampment this month near Signal Mountain Road after reports of increased crime in the area. Michael Williams Jr. 14, 2024. The episode airs on A&E at 10 p. by Ron Hart Chattanooga Times Free Press, Inc. by Sam Stockard / Tennessee Lookout Jan 8, 2023 · A Chattanooga Times Free Press poll in November found slightly more than half of respondents thought crime is getting worse in and around Chattanooga, based on a survey of 311 voters conducted May 27, 2021 · A little over four years after it was created, the Chattanooga Police Department (CPD)'s Gang Unit has been dissolved. December 24, 2022 at 12:00 p. Jun 2, 2023 · Victims of violent crime drive legislative change to state programs, pushing against barriers to aid. | Updated October 3, 2019 at 12:09 a. Published 1947 - 1949? w. | Updated February 7, 2023 at 7:54 p. July 16, 2022 at 8:08 p. Crime: 49 Jan 4, 2025 · Tennesseans might have a new way to combat hate speech and intimidation, as state lawmakers have proposed an act aimed at "protecting everyone against crime and extremism. March 31, 2011 at 1:02 a. Inmate advocates file suit against state over new law. Apr 3, 2023 · A grand jury in March heard the facts of an investigation into Perry Stone and declined to charge him with a crime or take any other action, according to 10th Judicial District Attorney General Oct 30, 2011 · RELATED STORY• Chattanooga takes different approach to combat gangsGANG INVOLVEMENT IN CHATTANOOGA'S HOMICIDES• 2008: Six of 20 homicides, or 30 percent• 2009: 10 of 19 homicides, or 52 Oct 31, 2023 · In interviews with the Chattanooga Times Free Press, Westside residents tend to agree that crime continues to be a recurring issue, although it has generally improved over the long term and Jan 14, 2025 · Chattanooga's only daily newspaper. See Chattanooga Times Free Press. See Chattanooga Daily Times. January 15, 2025 at 5:40 p. Volunteer. Oct 3, 2019 · Jury hears from crime scene investigators, other experts during 2nd day of trial in 2009 Chattanooga cold case slaying. | Updated January 30, 2023 at 8:59 p. February 26, 2022 at 1:00 p. 2% per 1,000 people ages 12-17 in 2022, as city leaders seek money to combat gun violence through Mar 31, 2024 · Madison Rue and Stacy Caywood, of Cleveland, said they used to go 20 miles southwest to Chattanooga and Hamilton Place mall often to shop. Jul 19, 2017 · Chattanooga residents can now track crime data in community . by Pam Sohn Oct 29, 2023 · Galleries. by Clint Cooper Chattanooga's only daily newspaper. ir. August 21, 2024 at 1:18 p. Lee. On A&E, Thursday's episode of "The Accused: Guilty or Innocent Feb 26, 2022 · Opinion: If criminal offenders see Chattanooga's new police chief as warm, friendly and encouraging, maybe crime will fall. December 14, 2024 at 12:00 p. by MELANIE TUCKER / The Daily Times via The Associated Press 2 days ago · Breaking News. May 25, 2024 · Photo/Desiree Rios/The New York Times / Former President Donald Trump points to attendees at the annual meeting of the National Rifle Association in Dallas on May 18, 2024. May 31, 2019 · Frank Casteel, the man convicted in the 1988 "Signal Mountain Murders," one of the most high-profile cases in recent memory in Hamilton County, has died in prison. Nov 16, 2023 · (READ MORE: Reports of crime down in Chattanooga and Hamilton County in 2022, according to TBI report) Around 80% of the state's courts are online with Vine, Cordell said. gov. Apr 3, 2024 · The Times Free Press asked police whether Hannan's beating was being investigated as a hate crime and a number of other questions, and the department issued the response about the investigation Jul 26, 2024 · Crime data report: 5 things to know about Chattanooga and beyond. Jun 17, 2023 · As homicide rates fall in major U. June 23, 2010 at 1:00 a. July 12, 2024 at 10:00 a. February 23, 2023 at 9:00 a. | Updated July 11, 2010 at 1:00 a. by Cam Edwards / Tribune Content Agency Aug 11, 2023 · The Crime. | Updated May 4, 2016 at 11:44 p. Feb 18, 2025 · Chatt Prep instructor charged with sex crime had no active teaching license. October 29, 2023 5:25 p. February 23, 2010 at 1:00 a. | Updated July 21, 2022 at 10:10 p. July 26, 2024 at 9:00 p. Chattanooga police agree to release crime, policing data. True crime album offers new perspective on Chattooga County’s Corpsewood Manor murders. by Michael Ramirez March 19, 2025 Aug 8, 2023 · Opinion: Fight crime, shoot back. Between 2018 and 2024, the city reported 89. | Updated August 7, 2021 at 8:09 p. | Updated May 17, 2010 at 1:03 a. by Cal Thomas / Tribune Content Agency Apr 26, 2024 · Police: Man shot, seriously injured near Eastgate Mall in Chattanooga. Sep 20, 2022 · Tennessee lawmakers promise to seek more TBI crime lab funding in wake of high-profile case. by Ben Benton Feb 23, 2023 · Mardi Gras brings joy - but also worry over violent crime. by Chattanooga Times Free Press, Inc. Jun 21, 2023 · Photo/George Walker IV/The Associated Press / An entrance to The Covenant School is seen on Wednesday, May 24, 2023, in Nashville, Tenn. Aug 26, 2023 · Former President Donald Trump has said Fulton County District Attorney Fani Willis has allowed Atlanta to run rampant with the nation's worst violent crime during her term. August 21, 2024 at 7:34 p. cities as the pandemic eases its grip, Chattanooga is seeing a slight increase in the number of people killed through the first five months of the year. Michael Ramirez's Free Press cartoon for March 20, 2025. July 19, 2017 at 1:00 a. Dec 24, 2024 · Staff photo by Matt Hamilton/ Alex Clay packages a CBD/THCa strain of cannabis at FarmToMed in Soddy-Daisy on Wednesday, Aug. | Updated June 1, 2021 at 6:15 p. | Updated March 3, 2014 at 6:23 p. April 20, 2024 at 12:00 p. Aug 5, 2024 · Staff Photo / Chattanooga City Council member Moses Freeman, left, helps Michael Watson, right, as Logan Lattimore looks on during Tie Day on April 1, 2016, the Boys and Girls Club in Highland Park. Feb 22, 2025 · The Supply Chain. Dec 20, 2023 · An episode of a crime documentary show featuring a Chattanooga homicide case is set to air on network television Thursday evening. dropped in 2023, according to FBI statistics that show a continued trend downward after a coronavirus pandemic-era crime spike. 13, 2025, on the first day of his trial. Free Press Opinion Page; Times Opinion Page; Letters to the Editors; Cartoons; Crime. Jul 8, 2024 · Hamilton County Medical Examiner / Photos included in an autopsy report show where the bones later linked to Maury-Ange Faith Martinez were found off Ferdinand Piech Way in January 2024. Nov 26, 2012 · RANKING PROBLEMSChattanooga-area voters ranked crime as the biggest problem facing the city in a Chattanooga Times Free Press survey of 376 people during early voting and on Election Day. 8 general election, Tennessee Gov. May 31, 2021 at 3:40 p. December 25, 2021 at 10:11 p. crime@tn. May 3, 2023 at 6:00 p. Jul 25, 2023 · Pamela White poses in her home in Ponchatoula, La. The Toll is the only comprehensive public database covering all Chattanooga homicides that have occurred since 2011. March 3, 2014 at 1:00 a. August 7, 2021 at 9:00 p. Oct 18, 2023 · An autopsy released Wednesday for a Chattanooga businessman killed downtown in September shows he was intoxicated at the time of the shooting. La Shawn Pagán, who covered Bumpass’ case for the paper. March 23, 2022 at 11:00 a. Chattanooga Times Free Aug 24, 2024 · Opinion: Voters don’t want to hear Trump and Harris fight over crime. July 21, 2022 at 10:00 p. Feb 10, 2025 · Violent crime in Chattanooga's business improvement district in 2024 was down 32% from the year before, according to a news release from the mayor's office. Aug 25, 2024 · The Chattanooga Police Department’s violent crimes team was down about 12% of its workforce as of June, and 36 people had put in nearly 11,000 hours of overtime during the first half of the year, Aug 23, 2022 · Chattanooga's only daily newspaper. Mar 24, 2023 · Chattanooga police say they cleared 92% of 25 total homicides in the city last year, while at the same time the department cleared fewer rape, aggravated assault and robbery cases in 2022 than in Feb 2, 2023 · First sweeping federal gun crime report in 20 years released. Published F 25 1943 - ? w. May 13, 2023 · The bill also creates a crime of organized retail theft, involving two or more people conspiring to commit retail theft or shoplifting, or receiving stolen property. February 24, 2024 at 12:00 p. by KEVIN MCGILL / Associated Press Sep 23, 2024 · Violent crime in the U. April 26, 2024 at 1:06 p. September 3, 2023 at 12:00 p. October 3, 2019 at 12:08 a. The story focused on unidentified remains found in a Marion Jan 1, 2025 · Chattanooga has the highest rate of reported shoplifting incidents per capita in the United States, a study from a national think tank found. He was shot multiple times on Jan. Feb 23, 2010 · Crime rates down in Bradley County. Bill Lee wants us to be ‘smart on crime’ September 9, 2022 at 6:10 p. Jan 15, 2025 · Olivia Ross/Chattanooga Times Free Press via AP; Dade County Sheriff's A Tennessee man accused of killing his girlfriend in 2022 allegedly kept detailed notes on the woman’s past in his family's Apr 27, 2023 · Governor signs bill stiffening Georgia gang penalties. Tennessee's prison population grew in 2022 despite a drop in crime. | Updated September 16, 2010 at 1:03 a.